A Simple Key For rheumatoid arthritis pdf Unveiled

The immune system of a lot of people are unable to differentiate between healthy cells and invader microorganisms. This is creating more suffering across the globe. Instead of protecting themselves against disease their organs and tissues are attacked by these same defenses.




International research efforts are increasing to combat this trend. A prime example is the London Francis Crick Institute initiative where James Lee and Carola Vinesa two experts from around the world in this field, have created distinct research groups that will assist in determining the exact causes of autoimmune disorders.


Lee said that autoimmune cases have been on the rise since around 40 years ago in the West. There are new cases in countries where the diseases were not seen before.


The Middle East and East Asia have seen the highest growth in cases of inflammatory bowel disorders. They'd never heard of the disease prior to.


Autoimmune disorders range from type 1 diabetes to rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and multiple sclerosis. In all cases the immune system is activated and it starts to attack healthy tissue.


About 4 million people in the UK have been affected by these diseases. Others may suffer more than one. Internationally, it is now thought that cases of autoimmune diseases are growing by between 3% and 9 percent per year. Most scientists believe environmental factors play a key factor in this growth.


Lee who was formerly in Cambridge University, says that the human genetics haven't changed in the last decade. So something must be changing in the outside world in a way that is increasing our predisposition to autoimmune disease.


Vinuesa was the one who supported this idea. Vinuesa was previously at the Australian National University. She mentioned the shifts in food habits that took place as more countries adopted west-style diets and people were eating more fast-food items.


Diets that focus on fast food lack some essential ingredients, like fibre, and evidence suggests this alteration affects your microbiome, which is the micro-organisms reside within our guts and that play a key role in regulating different bodily functions, Vinuesa stated.


The changes in our microbiomes cause autoimmune diseases that are of over 100 different types.


The two scientists also stressed that each person is at risk of developing these illnesses including celiac Lupus, and other ailments like celiac which trigger inflammation and swelling and can cause serious harm to different organs.


"If you don't have a certain genetic susceptibility it is unlikely that you will develop an auto-immune disease, no matter how many Big Macs Click here you consume," said Vinuesa. "There isn't anything we can do to halt the worldwide spread of fast-food franchises. Instead, we are looking at the genetic causes that cause autoimmune diseases. We want to know why some people are more vulnerable to autoimmune diseases than others. We are determined to address this issue at the most fundamental Check out degree.


With the development of technology, researchers are now in a position to detect small differences in people's DNA. It allows us to find common genetic patterns in patients suffering from autoimmune diseases.


Lee explained that until recent, we didn't have the tools needed to sequence DNA. Now, we're able to do it and it has changed everything. We only knew about half a dozen variants of DNA that could trigger inflammatory bowel diseases when I started my research. Over 250 of them are identified.


Lee and Vinuesa are pursuing these kinds of research because they want to understand how genetic pathways function and what causes the different diseases that doctors are currently studying. Vinuesa claims that it's now apparent that there exist various types of autoimmune diseases like Lupus. All of them could result from different genetic pathways. It is important to understand that this has consequences when trying to determine the best treatment.


There are many new potential therapies that could be useful however, we do not have the right patients. In fact, we don’t have the information we need to know if these patients suffer from the same condition. This is one of the major goals in research into autoimmune diseases. To provide the best treatment, we have to understand how to categorize patients.


Lee added that the increasing cases of autoimmune diseases across the world meant new therapies and medicines were urgently needed more than ever before. It's not possible to treat autoimmune diseases. It happens when people are young and trying to complete their college education, get a first job, and have families.


That means more people will have to undergo surgery and/or have frequent injections during their lives. This can be extremely stressful for patients, and also a huge strain on the health services. That's why we need to develop innovative and effective treatments.


Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease. It is caused by the immune system targets healthy tissue in the body. It's still not identified what causes this.


The immune system typically produces antibodies that attack viruses and bacteria, assisting to fight infection.


If you have rheumatoid arthritis, your immune system mistakenly sends antibodies to the joint's lining which target the tissue around the joint.


The thin layer of cells (synovium) that covers your joints to become swollen and inflamed. It releases chemicals that cause damage to nearby joints:


bones

Cartilage - The connective tissue that joins bones and cartilage

Tendons - the tissues that connects bone to muscle

Ligaments – The tissue connecting bone and cartilage

These chemicals can lead to rheumatoid joints injury if the condition is not treated. Then, eventually, it will ruin the joint completely.


There are many theories about the reasons why your immune system attacks joints, such as the possibility that an infection could be a trigger. However, none of them has been proved to be valid.

Possible risk factors

There are many factors that can increase your chances of developing rheumatoid, such as:


Your genes - There is some evidence that rheumatoid arthritis can be passed through families. However, the probability of passing it to a child is low as genes play an insignificant role in the condition.

Hormones Rheumatoid Arthritis are more common in women than it is in men. It could be due to the effects of the hormone Oestrogen. However, this link has yet to be proven.

smoking - some evidence suggests that smokers are at a higher risk of developing rheumatoid joint